DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAGR, XIRR AND IRR
Returns have always been the central standard while going for any investments. These indicate how much the fund has lost or gained during the particular investment period. You may come across returns expressed in the variety of nomenclatures. Have you ever wondered what does each kind of return signify ? or why not use single kind of return in all types of investments. What is the need to quote CAGR in lumpsum investment while XIRR in SIP’s. It is the awareness of these subtle yet significant differences that are going to take your investments to new heights. The more you get to know the usefulness and application of these returns, the more good you are going to feel with your investment reports.
Absolute Return
It helps you to calculate the simple returns on your initial investment. What you need is only the initial and the current or the ending Net Asset value (NAV) of the scheme. In calculating the point to point or absolute return, the holding time does not play a role. So if your initial NAV was, say, Rs. 20 and now after 3 years , it is Rs. 40, the point to point return comes to 100 percent.
Formula to calculate absolute return
This formula is used to calculate returns when the holding period is less than 12 months.
Understanding CAGR
CAGR stands for Compounded Annual Growth Rate
The concept of CAGR is relatively straightforward and requires only three primary inputs: an investment’s beginning value, ending value and the time period. CAGR is superior to average returns because it considers the assumption that the investment is compounded over time.
Advantages of CAGR
· CAGR isthe best formula for evaluating how different investments have performed over time.
· Investors can compare the CAGR in order to know how well one stock/mutual fund has performed against other stocks in a peer group or against- market index.
· The CAGR can also be used to compare the historical returns of stocks to bonds or a savings account.
Disadvantages of CAGR
· It ignores volatility by assuming steady growth rate over the entire investment tenure, only taking into account an initial and a final value
· CAGR is also subject to manipulation as the variable for the time period is input by the reason calculating it and is not a part of calculation itself.
· It shows past performance of the fund as in you should not expect your investments to grow as per CAGR in future.
· It does not consider the interim values and relies only on the ending value and the beginning value which may again give a wrong picture if you ignore yearly returns.
CAGR is a way to smoothen out the returns, it determines an annual growth rate on an investment whose value has fluctuated from one period to the next. In that sense, CAGR isn’t the actual return in reality. This is similar to saying that you went on a trip and averaged 60km/hr. The Whole time you did not actually travel 60km/hr. Sometimes you were traveling slower, other times faster.
Let us understand with an example
Suppose a person invested Rs. 15000 in a mutual fund on 1 Jan 12 and redeem it on 1 Jan 18. The value of the investment at the time of redemption was 25000. So here CAGR (Compounded annual growth return turns out to be)
Formula to calculate CAGR
So,
Here we have assumed that investment is done only at the beginning and also redeemed only once. In between these six years, no investmentis made at nothing is redeemed. So CAGR easily turns out to be 8.88%
But there are sometimes when investment is not made at lumpsum but made periodically. So at that time CAGR turns out to be an irrelevant method to calculate return.
Let us understand with an example
Suppose you started mutual fund investment on Jan 1 2012, with details as follows
Date (A) | SIP
Amount (B) | NAV (C) | Units bought (D) (B/C) | NAV on redemption (E) | Holding period (in years) (F) | Value on redemption (G) (D*E) |
01/01/12 | 15000 | 44.54 | 336.72 | 50.078 | 6 | 16862.41 |
30/01/13 | 15000 | 40.44 | 370.87 | 50.078 | 4.92 | 18572.63 |
12/05/14 | 15000 | 37.19 | 403.30 | 50.078 | 3.63 | 20196.54 |
22/07/15 | 15000 | 41.02 | 365.64 | 50.078 | 2.47 | 18310.50 |
01/11/16 | 15000 | 42.98 | 348.98 | 50.078 | 1.16 | 17476.39 |
10/10/17 | 15000 | 44.89 | 334.13 | 50.078 | 0.22 | 16732.45 |
Let us first calculate CAGR we got on our individual investment amount.
So,
And so on for the other SIP’S
Date (A) | SIP Amount (B) | NAV (C) | Units bought (D) (B/C) | NAV on redemption (E) | Holding period (in years) (F) | Value on redemption (G) (D*E) | CAGR on individual Investment |
01/01/12 | 15000 | 44.54 | 336.72 | 50.078 | 6 | 16862.41 | 1.97% |
30/01/13 | 15000 | 40.44 | 370.87 | 50.078 | 4.92 | 18572.63 | 4.44% |
12/05/14 | 15000 | 37.19 | 403.30 | 50.078 | 3.63 | 20196.54 | 8.54% |
22/07/15 | 15000 | 41.02 | 365.64 | 50.078 | 2.47 | 18310.50 | 8.40% |
01/11/16 | 15000 | 42.98 | 348.98 | 50.078 | 1.16 | 17476.39 | 14.07% |
10/10/17 | 15000 | 44.89 | 334.13 | 50.078 | 0.22 | 16732.45 | 64.34% |
| | | | | | 108150.93 | |
In this way, we can calculate CAGR for each of our investment.
But some people might be interested inthe total CAGR got on the total investment made instead of CAGR on the individual investment.
Incorrect Approach | Correct Approach |
Total investment made = 90,000 Redemption value = 108150.93 Time period = 6 Return : {108150.93/90000)^(1/6)}-1 = 3.10% | Calculation of IRR (Internal rate of return) in case of consistent cash flows Calculation of XIRR (Extended Internal rate of return) in case of inconsistent cash flows |
Here, taking the same example we can see Investment is made at irregular intervals. So the correct approach to calculate return in this type of situation is XIRR .
Let us try to learn the concept of XIRR in detail.
What is the meaning of XIRR
XIRR stands for Extended internal rate of return
XIRR is a method used to calculate returns on investments where there are multiple transactions happening at different times. It is a good function to calculate returns when your cash flows(investments or redemption)are spread over a period of time. In the case of Mutual funds,if you are investing through SIP or lumpsum or redeeming through SWP or lumpsum , XIRR can take care of all those scenarios and helps you calculate a consolidated return considering timings of your investment and withdrawals.
You can think of XIRR as nothing but an aggregation of multiple CAGR’s. If you make multiple investments in a fund, you can use the XIRR formula to calculate your overall CAGR for all those investments taken together.
XIRR Function Errors
If you get an error from the Excel XIRR function this is likely to be one of the following
Common Errors |
#NUM! | Occurs if Either : |
| · The supplied values and dates arrays have different lengths |
| · The supplied values array does not contain atleast one negative and at least one positive value |
| · Any of the supplied dates precedes the first supplied date |
| · The calculation fails to converge after 100 iterations |
#VALUE! | Occurs if any of the supplied dates can’t be recognized as valid excel dates |
What is IRR Approach
The IRR approach is a guideline for evaluating whether to proceed with a project or investment. The IRR rule states that if the internal rate of return (IRR) on a project or an investment is greater than the minimum required rate of return, typically the cost of capital, then the project or investment should be pursued. Conversely, if the IRR on a project or investment is lower than the cost of capital, then the best course of action may be to reject it.
Can CAGR and IRR be Same
CAGR V/S IRR: IRR and CAGR will be same when
1. You make a lumpsum investment (single investment)and calculate returns for the same.
2. You make multiple investments but the annual return is constant across years. These investments can be periodic like a SIP or recurring fixed deposit. By the way, returns in a MF SIP are unlikely to be constant.
CAGR V/S IRR: IRR and CAGR will be different when
You make multiple investments and the annual returns are variable. This will be the case with any volatile investment such as equities.
You should not use CAGR when you want to estimate returns for your mutual fund investments.
The Bottom Line
The CAGR Helps frame an investment’s return over a certain period of time. It has its benefits, but there are definite limitations that investors need to be aware of. With multiple cash flows, the IRR or XIRR approach is usually considered to be better than CAGR. Investors should understand how investment returns are calculated and which return to consider for making investment decisions. Awareness and knowledge about calculating the returns from investment is important to be a smart investor.
Short Summary for the Difference between CAGR and XIRR
Particulars | CAGR | XIRR |
Description | It is a measure of the compound rate of growth | It is the average rate earned by each and every cash flow invested during the period |
Multiple cash flows | It does not consider the multiple cash flows | Yes, it is considered |
Absolute / Annualized measure | Absolute return | Only annualized |
Timing of cash flow | As cash flow are there, only time matters is the time between the amount invested and amount redeemed. Longer the period of holding the investment, better the CAGR. | It is very important. Timing affects the returns. It gets influenced by the early cash flows. Returns could be amplified or muted based on the timing of cash flows. |
Measurement | Measures the performance of the lumpsum amount invested | Measures of the performance of the cash flow |
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